Our interdisciplinary project focuses on electrotransfection (also known as electro-gene transfer), a technique where electrical pulses are used to deliver genetic material into cells. While electrotransfection is increasingly important in research and medicine due to its efficiency and safety, evaluating its success at the single-cell level has remained challenging—until now.
Using DHM in both classical and polarization-sensitive modes, we non-invasively capture detailed phase images of living cells after gene transfer. These images allow us to extract key biophysical parameters—such as cell dry mass, refractive index, and birefringence—which may correlate with protein content and successful genetic modification.
We further validate and optimize our measurements by combining traditional fluorescence techniques and integrating machine learning algorithms that intelligently analyze the holographic data.
Our technology offers major advantages:
– Label-free analysis: no additional reagents, dyes, or genetic markers needed
– Single-cell accuracy: real-time monitoring of individual living cells
– Minimal sample preparation: preservation of cell viability for extended studies
– High speed and potential for automation: large-scale or high-throughput experiments are facilitated
– Versatility: applicable to a wide range of cell types and transfection techniques

– Development of a polarization-sensitive digital holographic microscopy (DHM) setup
– Automated, single-cell analysis of gene transfer using advanced image processing and machine learning
– Validated correlation between holographic phase parameters and gene expression levels
– Optimized protocols for electrotransfection and cell monitoring
– Publication of joint research in leading scientific journals
– Knowledge transfer and infrastructure development between Romanian and Moldovan research teams
– Enhanced capacity for real-time, non-invasive cell monitoring applicable in biotechnology and clinical research